Chapter 1 : Tariffs
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Objective
APEC
Economies will achieve free and open trade in the Asia-Pacific Region by : (a) Progressively
reducing tariff measures (b) Ensuring the
transparency of APEC economies’ respective tariff measures |
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Guidelines
Each APEC
economy will: (a)
take into
account, in the process of progressive reduction of tariff measures,
intra-APEC trade trends, economic interests and sectors or products related
to industries in which this process may have positive impact on trade and on
economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region; (b)
ensure that
the progressive reduction of tariffs is not undermined by the application of
unjustifiable measures; and (c)
consider
extending, on a voluntary basis, to all APEC economies the benefits of
reductions and eliminations derived from sub-regional arrangements. |
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Collective Actions
APEC
Economies have agreed to take Collective Actions to help achieve these
goals. These actions are contained in
Collective Action Plans (CAPs) which are updated annually. The current CAP relating
to tariffs can be found in the Tariffs and
Non-Tariff Measures Collective Action Plan. |
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Indonesia's
Approach to Tariffs in 2001
Indonesia is committed to working together
with other member economies to achieve free and open trade in the region by
2010/2020 by progressively reducing tariffs and enhancing the transparency of
the tariff regimes. In line with the guidelines stipulated in the Osaka
Action Agenda, the reduction of Indonesian tariffs will continue to take into
account the trends of intra-APEC trade and Indonesia's own economic interests
while ensuring that a reduction of tariffs has positive impacts on trade and
economic growth. Indonesia has progressively
reduced tariffs based on the schedule of tariff reduction adopted
unilaterally in 1996. Tariffs ranging between 0 and 10% had increased from
56.1% of Indonesia's total tariff lines in 1996 to 83.12% in 2001.
Accordingly, tariffs ranging between 15 and 30% had decreased from 42.77% of
the total tariff lines in 1996 to 15.86% in 2001. In addition, tariffs higher
than 40% constitutes less than 1% of the total tariff lines. |
Tariffs reform in Indonesia began in 1995 when
Indonesia issued a far-reaching tariff reform package (Pakmei '95). The said
package, which was also adopted as part of Indonesia's APEC action plan, laid
out a future tariffs reductions’ schedule. Tariff reductions on individual line
items alternate from year-to-year, depending on the level of the tariff before
1995. Long-term targets for the year 2003 are 0, 5, and 10 percent.
As a result of Pakmei '95, Indonesia's average
tariff had decreased from almost 20 percent in 1994 to less than 8 percent in
year 2000.
Indonesia's Approach to Tariffs in 2001 |
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Section
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Improvements Implemented Since Last
IAP |
Current Tariff Arrangements |
Further Improvements Planned |
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Bound Tariffs |
Indonesia bound 93,88 % of its tariff
lines in the Uruguay Round. This binding of a majority of tariffs
across the board is at a ceiling rate of 40 %. |
Indonesia is committed to Schedule
XXI as attached in the UR Final Act on goods and services. Indonesia has
already made Measures on Merchandise Trade, especially on Tariff Measures for
both industrial products and agricultural products as follows: -
Industrial ProductsThe binding of majority tariffs cover 94 % of all tariff
lines (7,537 out of 8,041 lines on HS 9 digit basis) and 91 % of total imports, of Industrial Products. These tariffs bindings were applied
immediately after Indonesia became a member of the WTO on 1 January 1995. -
Agricultural ProductsIndonesia’s commitment includes tariffication and binding of all agricultural items. The
commitment covers reduction of tariff at least 10 % per line
item (24 % overall) to be carried out in 10 years. A guaranteed access on rice imports of 70,000 tons
annually (at a 90 % tariff) will be
effective immediately. A subsidy of
rice export is maintained within a band
between US $ 27.6 (1995) and US $ 21.5 million (2004) annually,
covering a volume
of between 295 and 257 thousand tons, respectively. |
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Applied Tariffs |
- According to Indonesia's schedule
on tariff reduction, most of the tariff lines will range between 0% and 10%
in the year 2003. In fact, by June 2000, more than 75% of Indonesia's tariff
lines have already reached the said tariff range. In addition, 64.6% of the
total tariff lines have been reduced to reach either 0% or 5%. -
Tariffs ranging between 0% and 10% have increased from 56.1% of Indonesia's
total tariff lines in 1996 to 75.48% in 2000. -
Tariffs ranging between 15% and 30% have decreased from 42.77% of the total
tariff lines in 1996 to 23.4% in 2000.· Tariffs
of higher than 40% constitute only about 1% of the total tariff lines. -
Indonesia's simple average tariff rates have decreased from 13.91% in 1996 to
8.17% in 2000. -
Throughout the year 2000, more than 2000 tariff lines have been reduced. |
- Tariffs ranging between 0% and 10%
have increased from 56.1% of Indonesia's total tariff lines in 1996 to 83.12%
in 2001. -
Tariffs ranging between 15% and 30% have decreased from 42.77% of the total
tariff lines in 1996 to 15.86% in 2001. -
Tariffs higher than 40% of the tariff line constitutes only about 0.62% of the total tariff lines. -
Indonesia's simple average tariff rates have decreased from 13.91% in 1996 to
less than 8% in 2001. For
contact point and further detail : Directorate
General for Custom and Excise Ministry
of Finance of Indonesia Directorate
General for Foreign Trade Ministry
of Industry and Trade Tel:(62-21)
3450071 |
- By the year 2001, more than 400
tariff lines will be reduced. -
Tariff reduction will be continuously implemented in the near future and by
2003 tariff will range between 0 % - 10 %. -
Tariffs will be progressively reduced to reach APEC goal of free and open
trade no later than the year 2020 |
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Tariff Quotas |
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Tariff Preferences |
Indonesia has committed under Common
Effective Preferential Tariff or CEPT Scheme for AFTA. To implement the ASEAN-AFTA
commitments, Indonesia has taken measures since 1994 to reduce its tariffs,
and renewed the schedule of tariff reduction for AFTA by the year of 2003,
which includes 7.192 tariff lines. |
- Within the year 2001, tariff
ranging between 0-5% of Indonesia's CEPT-AFTA rates are 90.14% of 7.192
tariff lines. -
Indonesia only offered preferential tariffs on one item (polymer
polypropylene) in the first round of negotiations under the Global System of
Trade Preferences among Developing Countries (GSTP). In the ongoing second round of
negotiations, Indonesia has offered preferential treatment on 35 additional
items. -
Indonesia benefits from Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) treatment from Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada,
The Czech Republic, the European Union, Hungary, Japan, Norway, New Zealand,
Poland, the Russian Federation, The Slovak Republic, Switzerland and the
United State of America. |
All 7.192 tariff lines under the CEPT
AFTA rates in 2003 will range
between 0% - 5%. |
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In order to ensure transparency of
tariff regime, Indonesia provides details of its tariffs through various
publications and databases including the APEC Tariff Database and the WTO. |
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Improvements in Indonesia's Approach to Tariff Measures since 1996 |
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Section |
Position at Base Year (1996) |
Cumulative Improvements Implemented
to Date |
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Bound Tariffs |
Indonesia is committed to Schedule
XXI as attached in the UR Final Act on both goods and services. |
Indonesia was one of the signatories
of ITA I (Information Technology Agreement) and currently participates in the
negotiation of ITA II. |
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Applied Tariffs |
- Tariffs ranging between 0% and 10%
in 1996 were 56.1% of Indonesia's total tariff lines . -
Tariffs ranging between 15% and 30% in 1996 were 42.77% of the total tariff
lines. -
Tariff ranging higher than 40% constituted only about 1% of the total tariff
lines. -
Indonesia's simple average tariff rates in 1996 were 13.91%. |
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Most of Indonesia's tariff lines will range between
0% and 10% in the year 2003. In fact, by June 2000, more than 75% of
Indonesia's tariff lines had already reached the said tariff range. In
addition, 64.6% of the total tariff lines had been reduced to reach either 0%
or 5%. -
Tariffs ranging between 0% and 10% in 2001 is 83.12 % of Indonesia's total tariff lines. -
Tariffs ranging between 10% and 20% in 2001 is 15.26 % of the total tariff lines. -
Tariffs ranging higher than 20% in 2001 constitutes about 1.62% of the total tariff
lines.· Indonesia's simple average
tariff rates in 2001 were less than 8%. |
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Tariff Quotas |
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Tariff Preferences |
Indonesia has committed under Common
Effective Preferential Tariff or CEPT Scheme for AFTA . By the year 1998
only 41.67 % of Indonesia’s CEPT
rates were higher than Indonesia’s MFN rates, while 58.33 % of Indonesia CEPT
rates were already applied in accordance with MFN basis. |
Within the year of 2001, tariff
ranging between 0 – 5 % of Indonesia's CEPT-AFTA rates is 90.14% of
7.192 tariff lines |
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Transparency of Tariff Regime |
In ensuring transparency of tariff regime, Indonesia participates
actively in the APEC Tariff Database and regularly updates its tariff data. |
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(PLEASE COMPLETE BOXES) |
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All Goods |
Agriculture excluding Fish |
Fish and Fish Products |
Petroleum Oils |
Wood, Pulp, Paper and Furniture |
Textiles and Clothing |
Leather, Rubber, Footwear and Travel Goods |
Metals |
Chemical & Photographic Supplies |
Transport Equipment |
Non-Electric Machinery |
Electric Machinery |
Mineral Products, Precious Stones &
Metals |
Manufactured Articles, n.e.s |
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ITEM |
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Bound tariff lines as a percentage of all lines |
93.88 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
98.67 |
100.00 |
99.55 |
93.76 |
96.32 |
31.36 |
92.25 |
90.05 |
94.75 |
85.08 |
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Duty-free tariff lines as a percentage of all lines |
21.81 |
13.70 |
7.48 |
41.18 |
43.16 |
1.53 |
15.91 |
13.87 |
17.66 |
31.82 |
73.02 |
29.35 |
25.36 |
14.55 |
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Preferential tariff lines as a percentage of all lines |
98.60 |
94.66 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
93.55 |
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Ratio of tariff lines with quotas to all lines |
2.17 |
3.86 |
0.00 |
17.65 |
1.52 |
0.51 |
0.45 |
4.05 |
3.60 |
0.45 |
2.17 |
0.25 |
2.33 |
0.00 |
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Simple average bound tariff rate |
37.24 |
47.73 |
40.00 |
40.00 |
39.64 |
29.19 |
39.73 |
38.42 |
38.15 |
38.99 |
34.00 |
28.06 |
39.05 |
36.03 |
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Simple average applied tariff rate |
7.29 |
0.08 |
4.97 |
2.94 |
4.08 |
10.54 |
7.27 |
8.13 |
5.59 |
17.42 |
2.28 |
6.13 |
4.58 |
7.66 |
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Simple average applied preferential tariff rate -
indicate for each preferential arrangement |
4.23 |
3.99 |
4.71 |
2.35 |
3.05 |
4.85 |
5.50 |
5.32 |
4.17 |
6.20 |
1.54 |
4.31 |
3.33 |
5.19 |
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Average applied tariff rate for all lines subject to
duty |
9.32 |
10.52 |
5.37 |
5.00 |
7.17 |
10.71 |
8.65 |
9.44 |
6.78 |
25.55 |
8.45 |
8.68 |
6.13 |
8.97 |
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Import-weighted average applied tariff rate - specify
FOB or CIF |
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Import-weighted average bound tariff rate - specify
FOB or CIF |
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Notes |
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(a) Incorporates
1999 notification to WTO, ITA Agreement, and other recent modifications to HS
codes that have not yet been notified.
(b) ASEAN Free Trade
Agreement. (c) Refers to lines with quotas, prohibitions, or other import
licensing restrictions.
(d) The ad valorem
equivalent of specific tariffs for rice is assumed to be 30 percent.
(e) Because of difficulties
in matching new HS codes with those from previous years, import weighted data
are not yet available. |
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APEC INDIVIDUAL ACTION PLAN: TARIFF DISPERSION TABLE FOR 2001 |
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(PLEASE COMPLETE BOXES) |
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All Goods |
Agriculture excluding Fish |
Fish and Fish Products |
Petroleum Oils |
Wood, Pulp, Paper and Furniture |
Textiles and Clothing |
Leather, Rubber, Footwear and Travel Goods |
Metals |
Chemical & Photographic Supplies |
Transport Equipment |
Non-Electric Machinery |
Electric Machinery |
Mineral Products, Precious Stones &
Metals |
Manufactured Articles, n.e.s |
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NUMBER
OF TARIFFS AT OR BETWEEN |
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0% |
1590 |
136 |
11 |
7 |
227 |
18 |
35 |
120 |
211 |
70 |
471 |
118 |
87 |
79 |
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0%<X<=5% |
3337 |
769 |
131 |
10 |
200 |
305 |
95 |
383 |
758 |
26 |
91 |
129 |
220 |
220 |
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5%<X<=10% |
1132 |
31 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
383 |
46 |
144 |
148 |
17 |
46 |
101 |
14 |
134 |
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10%<X<=15% |
967 |
9 |
5 |
0 |
31 |
468 |
43 |
140 |
33 |
29 |
37 |
54 |
22 |
96 |
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15%<X<=20% |
146 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
74 |
44 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
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>20% |
113 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
76 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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Specific |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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TOTAL |
7290 |
993 |
147 |
17 |
526 |
1174 |
220 |
865 |
1195 |
220 |
645 |
402 |
432 |
543 |
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Note |
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Chapter 2 : Non-Tariff Measures
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Objective
APEC
Economies will achieve free and open trade in the Asia-Pacific Region by : (a) Progressively
reducing non-tariff measures (b) Ensuring the
transparency of APEC economies’ respective non-tariff measures |
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Guidelines
Each APEC
economy will: (a)
take into
account, in the process of progressive reduction of non-tariff measures,
intra-APEC trade trends, economic interests and sectors or products related
to industries in which this process may have positive impact on trade and on
economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region; (b)
ensure that
the progressive reduction of non-tariff measures is not undermined by the
application of unjustifiable measures; and (c)
consider
extending, on a voluntary basis, to all APEC economies the benefits of
reductions and eliminations of non-tariff measures. |
Collective Actions
APEC
Economies have agreed to take collective actions to help achieve these
goals. These actions are contained in
Collective Action Plans (CAPs) which are updated annually. The current CAP relating to non-tariff
measures can be found in the Tariffs and
Non-Tariff Measures Collective Action Plan. |
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Indonesia Approach to Non-Tariff
Measures in 2001
Indonesia is committed to working
together with other member economies to achieve free and open trade in the
region by reducing unjustifiable non-tariff measures and ensuring the
transparency of non-tariff measures. Indonesia has committed in the
context of Uruguay Round to eliminate 98 non-tariff barriers by the year
2004. In addition, Indonesia had accelerated the elimination process by
eliminating so 83 non-tariff barriers in 1996. Indonesia also has undertaken
unilateral actions to remove or reduce non-tariff barriers which are not
included in the Uruguay Round commitments, as follows : - firstly, the removal of
restrictions on import of used and new fishing vessels; - secondly, gradual reduction of
export taxes on logs, sawn timber, rattan and minerals; - thirdly, the removal of
restrictions on import and marketing of wheat, wheat flour, soybean and
garlic; - fourthly, the opening of sugar and
rice import to general importers; and - fifthly, relaxation of import
licensing requirements and other restrictions previously applied to the
automotive sector. To achieve the Bogor Goal, Indonesia
will refrain from introducing unnecessary barriers to trade while gradually
removing the existing non-tariff measures, except those which may be
justified for health, safety, security and environmental reasons. |
In the past, import surcharges
have been a major feature of the Indonesian tariff. Surcharges had been imposed
on certain items to offset the elimination of NTMs such as restrictive
licensing or import bans and, hence, in facilitating adjustment by domestic
producers. In the Uruguay Round, Indonesia committed itself to eliminate
surcharges on all bound items ( a total of 172) within ten years.
This commitment was fulfilled
ahead of schedule. Surcharges imposed on all imported goods, whether bound or
unbound, were eliminated on 1 January 1996, in accordance with the new Customs
Law. In effect, surcharges were either merged with existing tariffs (about 80
items).
Indonesia's Approach to Non-Tariff Measures in 2001 |
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Section
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Improvements Implemented Since Last
IAP |
Current Non-Tariff Measures Applied |
Further Improvements Planned |
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Quantitative Import Restrictions/ Prohibitions
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Indonesia has undertaken unilateral
actions to remove or reduce non-tariff barriers which are not included in our
UR commitments, as follows : (i) the removal of restrictions on import of
used and new fishing vessels; (ii) gradual reduction of export taxes on logs,
sawn timber, rattan and minerals; (iii) the removal of restrictions on import
and marketing of wheat, wheat flour, soybean and garlic; (iv) the opening of
sugar and rice import to general importers; and (v) relaxation of import
licensing requirements and other restrictions previously applied to
automotive sector. |
- Indonesia maintains import bans or
prohibitions due to health, environmental, cultural and social reasons. -
As a signatory to the Montreal and Vienna Conventions, Indonesia bans trade
in chloro-fluoro carbons and conforms with the decisions taken by the parties
to the Basel Convention on waste and waste products. For
contact point and further detail: Directorate
General for Foreign Trade Ministry
of Industry and Trade T:
(62-21) 3858204, 3860940, 3450071 e-mail:
djdaglu@dprin.go.id |
No further improvements planned. |
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Quantitative Export Restrictions/ Prohibitions |
No changes made since the last IAP |
- Export bans
and prohibition covers several products such as fisheries, wildlife, hide and
skins of certain animals such as reptiles, rubber materials (notably rubber
block) and variety of waste and scrap products. The aim is to protect
endangered species of wild flora and fauna as well as to prevent export of
hazardous materials. -
Apart from imposing textiles quotas with importing countries, the reason of
these export restrictions are based on (i) protection of natural resources
and endangered species; (ii) promotion of higher-value-added downstream
industries; (iii) upgrading the quality of export products; and (iv) ensuring
adequate supply of "essential products", (v) and imposing to
controls on textiles and clothing under MFA. |
Export restrictions will be further
eliminated. |
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Indonesia doesn’t impose import
levies. |
Indonesia only applies ad-volarem
tariff rate, and has no additional import levies. |
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- For natural resources, specific
taxes have been converted into ad-volarem duties so as to reduce anti-export
sentiment while also preventing over exploitation of natural resources and
deteriorating of environment. -
Replacing export tax and levies by resource rent taxes. The taxes on log,
sawn timber, rattan and sand will be reduced to 15%. |
Reduction of export taxes on certain
products will be scheduled. |
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Discretionary Import Licensing |
No changes made since the last IAP |
Licenses are classified into several
types of operation, i.e.: importer-producer (IP licenses), registered
importer (IT) and general importer (IU, automatic licensing). For
contact point and further detail: Directorate
General for Foreign Trade Ministry
of Industry and Trade T:
(62-21) 3858204, 3860940, 3450071 e-mail:
djdaglu@dprin.go.id |
No further improvements planned. |
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No changes made since the last IAP |
- Import licensing is applied to
number of products for the health, safety, security, religion or
environmental reasons. Products that are subject to import licensing include
alcoholic beverages, chemicals included in List 2 and 3 of “the Convention on
the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of
Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction” and hazardous waste and waste
products. -
Information on this subject could be accessed through website of Ministry of
Industry and Trade : Directorate
General for Foreign Trade Ministry
of Industry and Trade T:
(62-21) 3858204, 3860940, 3450071 e-mail:
djdaglu@dprin.go.id |
No further improvements planned |
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Discretionary Export Licensing |
No changes made since the last IAP |
Indonesia's exports on certain
agricultural products, mining
products , petroleum products and manufactured products (especially for
textiles and clothing) were regulated by the Government. Export of those
products is possible only through approved and registered exporters. In the
case of textiles and clothing products, the arrangement was designed to
monitor quota allocation and entitlements under the MFA regime. For
further detail and contact point: Directorate
General for Foreign Trade Ministry
of Industry and Trade T:
(62-21) 3858204, 3860940, 3450071 e-mail:
djdaglu@dprin.go.id |
No further improvements planned |
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No changes made since the last IAP |
Indonesia applies VER for certain
agriculture products (such as rubber) under the provision of international
agreement For
further detail and contact point: Directorate
General for Foreign Trade Ministry
of Industry and Trade T:
(62-21) 3858204, 3860940, 3450071 e-mail:
djdaglu@dprin.go.id |
No further improvements planned. |
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Indonesia doesn’t apply export
subsidies |
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Indonesia doesn’t apply export
subsidies |
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Measures Maintained |
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Indonesia doesn’t apply export
subsidies |
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Improvements in Indonesia's Approach to Non-Tariff Measures since 1996 |
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Section |
Position at Base Year (1996) |
Cumulative Improvements Implemented
to Date |
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Position |
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Indonesia continue to eliminate the
remaining NTMs measures that are part of its UR commitments by 2004. |
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Quantitative Import Restrictions/ Prohibitions |
Indonesia doesn’t impose import
prohibitions except for health reason, moral hazard, environmental protection
or prohibited under international agreement |
- In July 1997, Indonesia removed
restrictions on the import of used fishing vessels. This policy was further
expanded in 1998 to include all new and used ships. -
In 1997 restrictions on import and marketing of wheat, wheat flour, soybean
and garlic were removed -
In 1998 import of sugar and rice was opened to general importers |
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Quantitative Export Restrictions/ Prohibitions |
Indonesia applies export prohibitions
only for the domestic supply reason, environmental protection, and product
export development. |
There has not been any change since
1996. |
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Indonesia doesn’t impose any import
levies. |
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Indonesia applied export tax to 80
products covering a wide range of forest products (notably logs, sawn timber
and rattan), agricultural products (crude palm oil and coconut oil), and
mining and metal products (ores and concentrates of copper, lead, tin and
platinum, aluminium waste), etc |
- In 1998, export taxes on leather,
cork, ores and waste alluminium products had been abolished. -
In March 1998, export taxes on log, sawn timber, rattans and minerals were
reduced to maximum 20 percent. -
In December 1999 export taxes on log, sawn timber, rattan and sand to 15
percent as a step toward the policy of replacing export tax and levies by
resource rent taxes. -
The maximum export taxes on palm nuts
and kernels have gradually been reduced as follows: - to 40 percent in April 1998; - to 10 percent in July 1999; - to 3 percent in February 2001; |
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Discretionary Import Licensing |
- Indonesia applied a number of
tariff lines subject to import licensing for 197 in year 1996. The coverage
of this licensing varies from food commodities (such as rice, wheat, sugar)
to strategic industries products (chemicals, iron, steel etc). |
- In 1998, several restrictions were
abolished, allowing free competition in some areas, such as : 1) import and
marketing of wheat, wheat flour, soybean and garlic; and 2) sale or distribution
of flour. -
In June 1999, 47 import licensing requirements on motor vehicles were
relaxed. -
In January 2000, general importers are allowed to import sugar and rice. -
Trend of the import licensing, are as follows : - Year 1997 189 tariff lines - Year 1998 199 tariff lines - Year 1999 121 tariff lines - Year 2000 121 tariff lines. |
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Indonesia maintained this measure,
which affected to about 40 tariff lines. The restrictions covers on chemical
products, including waste and pesticides, chloro-fluoro carbons and in
conformity with decisions taken by Basel Convention. |
- The importation of used trawlers
and merchant-ships was liberalized in July 1997. -
The ban on the importation of used ships was abolished in 1998. |
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Discretionary Export Licensing |
Indonesia imposed export licensing
for 1800 tariff lines ranging from coffee, vegetables, spices, manioc, wood,
plywood, processed timber, to liquified gas and mining products. |
- In 1998 many agricultural products
had been removed such as lived cattle, wheat, wheat flour, sugar, silver,
gold, tin, LNG, butane, propane and some chemicals. |
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Indonesia applied export control for
natural rubber under the international agreement. |
There has not been any change since
1996. |
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Indonesia didn’t impose this measure. |
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|
Indonesia didn’t impose this measure. |
There has not been any change since
1996. |
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Measures Maintained |
There is no other NTM imposed by
Indonesia |
There has not been any change since
1996. |
Chapter 3 : Services
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Objective
APEC
Economies will achieve free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific
Region by : (a) Progressively reducing restrictions on market access for
trade in services; and (b) Progressively provide for, inter alia, most favoured
nation (MFN) treatment and national treatment for trade in services. |
Guidelines
Each APEC
economy will: (a)
contribute
positively to the WTO negotiations on trade in services; (b)
expand
commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on market
access and national treatment and eliminate MFN exemptions where appropriate;
and (c)
consider
undertaking further actions to facilitate supply of services. |
Collective Actions
APEC
Economies have agreed to take collective actions to help achieve these
goals. These actions are contained in
Collective Action Plans (CAPs) which are updated annually. The current CAP relating to services can
be found in the Services Collective Action Plan. |
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Indonesia's Approach to Trade in
Services in 2001
1. Indonesia
has committed and has taken various measures to trade in services : · Indonesia has taken measures
unilaterally to reduce restrictions on market access to trade in services · Indonesia has adopted
extensive deregulation measures from time to time to allow greater private
sector’s participation and to facilitate market entry by foreign suppliers 2. Indonesia’s services is quite
open. In some several services sub-sector, foreign participation may have
majority position. |
Chapter 3 : Indonesia's General Approach to Trade in Services in 2001*Competition
Policy will be dealt with in the Competition Policy Chapter (link) |
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Section
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Improvements Implemented Since Last
IAP |
Current Entry Requirements |
Further Improvements Planned |
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Foreign
Investment or Right of Establishment (including Joint Venture Requirements) |
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