Chapter 1 : Tariffs
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Objective
APEC
Economies will achieve free and open trade in the Asia-Pacific Region by : (a) Progressively
reducing tariff measures (b) Ensuring the
transparency of APEC economies’ respective tariff measures |
|
Guidelines
Each APEC
economy will: (a)
take into
account, in the process of progressive reduction of tariff measures,
intra-APEC trade trends, economic interests and sectors or products related
to industries in which this process may have positive impact on trade and on
economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region; (b)
ensure that
the progressive reduction of tariffs is not undermined by the application of
unjustifiable measures; and (c)
consider
extending, on a voluntary basis, to all APEC economies the benefits of
reductions and eliminations derived from sub-regional arrangements. |
|
Collective Actions
APEC
Economies have agreed to take Collective Actions to help achieve these
goals. These actions are contained in
Collective Action Plans (CAPs) which are updated annually. The current CAP relating
to tariffs can be found in the Tariffs and
Non-Tariff Measures Collective Action Plan. |
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The Philippines's Approach to Tariffs in 2001
The Philippines continues to pursue the Tariff Reform Program, a comprehensive review and rationalization of the country’s tariff structure which started in 1980. The Tariff Reform Program calls for the progressive reduction in applied rates of duty. The targeted final rate under the Program is a uniform rate of 5% by year 2004, except for “sensitive” agricultural products. “Sensitive” agricultural products relate to those agricultural products the quantitative restrictions of which were lifted and converted into tariff equivalents under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture (please see Attachment A for the list of “sensitive” agricultural products). The Philippines continues to
reduce bound tariffs in line with WTO commitments. It has eliminated tariffs
on substantially all information technology products by the agreed timetable
of 2000 under the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA). The Philippines participates in
the Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme for the ASEAN Free Trade Area
(CEPT-AFTA). Under the CEPT Scheme, the Philippines will reduce tariffs to
0-5% by 2002, with some flexibility. Tariffs on 60% of the products included
in the CEPT Scheme will be reduced to 0% by 2003; those on “sensitive”
agricultural products to a range of 0-5% by 2010 |
The ongoing Tariff Reform Program is considered the
most significant tariff liberalization initiative ever undertaken, on a
most-favored-nation basis, by the Philippine Government as it would bring down
to 5% tariffs across all product sectors, with the exception of “sensitive”
agricultural products.* The magnitude of the tariff reductions may be gleaned
from the table below which show the simple average applied tariffs by sector
prevailing in 1996 and in 2001.
Sector 1996 2001
All
goods 13.99
6.70
Agriculture
excluding fish** 17.94
6.59
Fish
and fish products 19.80
8.87
Petroleum
oils
5.40 3.00
Wood,
pulp, paper and furniture 17.59
8.45
Textiles
and clothing 21.19 12.64
Leather,
rubber, footwear and travel goods 17.60 7.64
Metals 13.77
6.17
Chemical
and photographic supplies 7.69 4.35
Transport
equipment 14.33 8.21
Non-electric
machinery
6.25 3.29
Electric
machinery 13.13 5.39
Mineral
products, precious stones and metals 10.44 5.43
Manufactured
articles, n.e.s. 15.65
5.35
* The
figures provided for this sector do not include "sensitive"
agriculture products.
The Philippines' Approach to Tariffs in 2001 |
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Section
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Improvements Implemented Since Last
IAP |
Current Tariff Arrangements |
Further Improvements Planned |
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Bound Tariffs |
Reduced bound tariffs in line with
WTO commitments. As a result, the
simple average bound tariff fell from 27.59% in 2000 to 27.53% in 2001. |
The Philippines continues to reduce
bound tariffs in line with WTO commitments. 63% of the Philippines’ total
tariff lines are bound under the WTO. Tariffs on industrial products, except
textiles, reached their bound levels in 1999. Tariffs on agricultural and
textile products are being reduced and will reach their bound levels in 2003
and 2004, respectively. The
contact person for further information is: The
Chairman Tariff
Commission Philippine
Heart Center Building East
Avenue, Diliman Quezon
City Tel:
(632) 926-2805 Fax:
(632) 921-7960 E-mail:
tarcm@pworld.net.ph |
The Philippines will continue to
reduce bound tariffs on agricultural and textile products as per WTO
commitments. |
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Applied Tariffs |
Reduced the simple average applied
tariff from 6.90% in 2000 to 6.70% in 2001. |
The Philippines is implementing the
Tariff Reform Program that calls for the progressive reduction of applied
tariffs. The targeted final rate is a uniform rate of 5%, except “sensitive”
agricultural products. Tariffs
for products covered under the Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization (EVSL)
initiative are being reduced in line with the Tariff Reform Program. Detailed
information on the Philippines’ applied tariffs may be obtained from http://www.apectariff.org/tdb.cgi The
contact person for further information is: The
Chairman Tariff
Commission Philippine
Heart Center Building East
Avenue, Diliman Quezon
City Tel:
(632) 926-2805 Fax:
(632) 921-7960 E-mail:
tarcm@pworld.net.ph |
The Philippines will progressively
reduce applied tariffs in line with the Tariff Reform Program. |
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Tariff Quotas |
|
The Philippines maintains tariff
quotas for “sensitive” agricultural products, the quantitative restrictions
of which were lifted and converted into tariff equivalents under the WTO
Agreement on Agriculture. These products include live animals (except live
bovine animals), pork, sheep or goat meat, poultry meat, potatoes, coffee,
maize and sugar. The
contact person for further information is: The Chairman Tariff
Commission Philippine
Heart Center Building East
Avenue, Diliman Quezon
City, Philippines Tel: (632) 926-2805 Fax:
(632) 921-7960 E-mail: tarcm@pworld.net.ph |
The Philippines will gradually expand
tariff quotas according to WTO commitments. |
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Tariff Preferences |
Reduced the simple average
preferential tariff from 4.53% in 2000 to 3.87% in 2001. |
The Philippines participates in the
Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme for the ASEAN Free Trade Area
(CEPT-AFTA). As of 2000, the Philippines has phased in 100% of all
manufactured products in the CEPT Scheme, with preferential tariffs of 20%
and below. 90% of products in the
Philippines’ Inclusion List are now dutiable at 0-5%. The
contact point for further information is: The
National AFTA Unit Bureau
of International Trade Relations Department
of Trade and Industry 361
Senator Gil J. Puyat Avenue Makati
City 1200 Philippines Tel:
(632) 890-5149 Fax:
(632) 890-4812 E-mail:
bitr@dti.gov.ph |
Under the CEPT Scheme, the
Philippines will: - reduce tariffs to 0-5% by 2002, with some flexibility; - reduce tariffs on 60% of the products included in the
CEPT Scheme to 0% by 2003;
and - reduce tariffs on “sensitive” agricultural products to a range of 0% - 5% by 2010 |
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The Philippines conducts public
hearings/consultations on petitions for tariff modification as well as
Philippine participation in tariff schemes, e.g., WTO, CEPT-AFTA and EVSL.
Tariff changes are published in two newspapers of general circulation before
they take effect. The Philippines also provides updates on tariff changes to
the APEC Tariff Database and the WTO Integrated Database. The
contact person for further information is: The
Chairman Tariff
Commission Philippine
Heart Center Building East
Avenue, Diliman Quezon
City Tel:
(632) 926-2805 Fax:
(632) 921-7960 E-mail:
tarcm@pworld.net.ph |
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Improvements in Japan’s Approach to Tariff Measures since 1996 |
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Section |
Position at Base Year (1996) |
Cumulative Improvements Implemented
to Date |
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Bound Tariffs |
In 1996, the Philippines’ simple
average bound tariff stood at 31.56%. |
Reduced the simple average bound
tariff to 27.53% (1997-2001). |
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Applied Tariffs |
In 1996, the Tariff Reform Program
was already being implemented, including the progressive reduction of tariffs
on products covered under EVSL. The simple average tariff was 13.99%; those
on EVSL sectors were as follows: > environmental goods – 6.14% > fish and fish products – 19.12% > toys
- 25.45% > gems and jewelry – 9.11% > medical equipment and instruments - 3.58% > forest products – 17.89% > oilseeds and oilseed products – 18.09% > chemicals – 6.39% > natural and synthetic rubber - 4.84% > fertilizers – 3.47% > food sector – 28.02% > energy sector – 9.15% > automotive – 14.80% > civil aircraft - 11.46% |
Reduced the simple average applied
tariff to 6.70% (1997-2001). The
simple average applied tariffs on EVSL sectors have been reduced
significantly: > environmental goods - 3.21% > fish and fish products - 8.78% > toys
- 7.48% > gems and jewelry - 5.56% > medical equipment and instruments - 3.00% > forest products - 8.70% > oilseeds and oilseed products - 6.76% > chemicals - 3.51% > natural and synthetic rubber - 2.68% > fertilizers - 1.34% > food sector - 12.28% > energy sector - 5.20% > automotive - 6.83% > civil aircraft - 6.02% |
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Tariff Quotas |
In 1996, the Philippines had already
promulgated the administrative order providing for the gradual expansion of
tariff quotas according to WTO commitments. |
Gradually increased tariff quotas
according to WTO commitments (1997-2001). |
|
Tariff Preferences |
In 1996, the Philippines had already
signed on to the CEPT-AFTA Scheme. The simple average preferential tariff was
at 10.56%. |
Reduced the simple average
preferential tariff to 3.87%
(1997-2001). |
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Transparency of Tariff Regime |
In 1996, the Philippines was already
conducting public hearings/consultations on petitions for tariff
modifications. Updates were being provided to the APEC Tariff Database and
the WTO Integrated Database. |
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(PLEASE COMPLETE BOXES) |
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All Goods |
Agriculture excluding Fish |
Fish and Fish Products |
Petroleum Oils |
Wood, Pulp, Paper and Furniture |
Textiles and Clothing |
Leather, Rubber, Footwear and Travel Goods |
Metals |
Chemical & Photographic Supplies |
Transport Equipment |
Non-Electric Machinery |
Electric Machinery |
Mineral Products, Precious Stones &
Metals |
Manufactured Articles, n.e.s |
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ITEM |
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Bound tariff lines as a percentage of all lines |
64.25 |
12.08 |
0.11 |
* |
2.04 |
14.65 |
1.15 |
3.70 |
11.70 |
0.97 |
7.43 |
4.11 |
2.37 |
3.94 |
|
Duty-free tariff lines as a percentage of all lines |
5.86 |
0.78 |
0.07 |
- |
0.15 |
0.04 |
0.07 |
0.15 |
0.33 |
0.24 |
1.64 |
1.57 |
0.31 |
0.51 |
|
Preferential tariff lines as a percentage of all lines |
99.73 |
11.53 |
1.99 |
0.18 |
5.44 |
14.85 |
3.16 |
11.79 |
16.42 |
3.01 |
10.35 |
7.04 |
5.68 |
8.28 |
|
Ratio of tariff lines with quotas to all lines |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Simple average bound tariff rate |
27.53 |
39.51 |
34.00 |
* |
24.48 |
32.14 |
33.09 |
25.98 |
20.20 |
20.00 |
18.83 |
21.05 |
22.81 |
24.16 |
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Simple average applied tariff rate |
6.70 |
6.59 |
8.87 |
3.00 |
8.45 |
12.64 |
7.64 |
6.17 |
4.35 |
8.21 |
3.29 |
5.39 |
5.43 |
5.35 |
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Simple average applied preferential tariff rate -
indicate for each preferential arrangement |
3.87 |
4.03 |
5.41 |
3.00 |
4.57 |
4.72 |
4.24 |
3.73 |
3.39 |
6.24 |
2.82 |
2.92 |
3.82 |
3.60 |
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Average applied tariff rate for all lines subject to
duty |
7.11 |
7.07 |
9.21 |
3.00 |
8.68 |
12.67 |
7.82 |
6.25 |
4.44 |
8.93 |
3.91 |
6.92 |
5.74 |
5.69 |
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Import-weighted average applied tariff rate - specify
FOB or CIF |
3.93 |
8.90 |
3.35 |
3.00 |
7.46 |
9.08 |
8.74 |
5.10 |
5.93 |
8.52 |
2.17 |
1.92 |
4.47 |
4.20 |
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Import-weighted average bound tariff rate - specify
FOB or CIF |
19.52 |
34.85 |
10.83 |
* |
22.07 |
29.94 |
28.67 |
24.18 |
21.51 |
12.72 |
28.28 |
6.28 |
13.65 |
16.57 |
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Notes |
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* No tariff binding was offered on this
product group (petroleum oils). -
The figures do not include "sensitive" agricultural products
under E.O. 313 and E.O. 328. -
Preferential tariff rates
refer to CEPT-AFTA rates. -
Import-weighted average tariff rates are based on 2000 CI |
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APEC INDIVIDUAL ACTION PLAN: TARIFF DISPERSION TABLE FOR 2000 |
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(PLEASE COMPLETE BOXES) |
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All Goods |
Agriculture excluding Fish |
Fish and Fish Products |
Petroleum Oils |
Wood, Pulp, Paper and Furniture |
Textiles and Clothing |
Leather, Rubber, Footwear and Travel Goods |
Metals |
Chemical & Photographic Supplies |
Transport Equipment |
Non-Electric Machinery |
Electric Machinery |
Mineral Products, Precious Stones &
Metals |
Manufactured Articles, n.e.s |
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NUMBER
OF TARIFFS AT OR BETWEEN |
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321 |
43 |
4 |
- |
8 |
2 |
4 |
8 |
18 |
13 |
90 |
86 |
17 |
28 |
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0% |
3,055 |
319 |
28 |
10 |
120 |
195 |
81 |
417 |
726 |
88 |
421 |
179 |
199 |
272 |
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0%<X<=5% |
1,181 |
180 |
38 |
- |
101 |
278 |
35 |
117 |
88 |
34 |
41 |
76 |
51 |
142 |
|
5%<X<=10% |
464 |
86 |
39 |
- |
27 |
11 |
53 |
84 |
65 |
2 |
15 |
14 |
43 |
25 |
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10%<X<=15% |
435 |
2 |
- |
- |
42 |
328 |
- |
20 |
2 |
6 |
- |
32 |
- |
3 |
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15%<X<=20% |
24 |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
20 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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>20% |
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Specific |
5,480 |
634 |
109 |
10 |
298 |
814 |
173 |
646 |
899 |
163 |
567 |
387 |
310 |
470 |
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TOTAL |
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Note |
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Excludes
"sensitive" agriculture products under E.O. 313 and E.O. 328 |
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List of “Sensitive” Agricultural Products
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HDG No. |
Description |
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01.02 |
Live bovine animals other than pure-bred breeding animals and feeder cattle weighing not more than 330 kg |
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01.03 |
Live swine, other than pure-bred breeding animals |
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01.04 |
Live goats other than pure-bred breeding animals |
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01.05 |
Live poultry, that is to say, fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, ducks, geese, turkeys and guinea fowls other than for breeding and game cocks. |
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02.01 |
Meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled |
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02.02 |
Meat of bovine animals, frozen |
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02.03 |
Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen |
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02.04 |
Meat of goats, fresh, chilled or frozen, |
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02.07 |
Meat and edible offal, of the poultry of heading No. 01.05, fresh, chilled or frozen |
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02.10 |
Meat and edible meat offal (other than bovine meat), salted, in brine, dried or smoked, dried or smoked; edible flours and meals of meat or meat offal |
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07.01 |
Potatoes, fresh of chilled other than seed potatoes |
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07.03 |
Onions, shallots and garlic, fresh or chilled |
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07.04 |
Cabbages, fresh or chilled |
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07.14 |
Manioc and sweet potatoes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not sliced or in the form of pellets |
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09.01 |
Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated; coffee husks and skins; coffee substitutes containing coffee in any proportion. |
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10.01 |
Wheat used as feeds |
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10.02 |
Rye |
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10.03 |
Barley |
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10.04 |
Oats |
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10.05 |
Maize (corn) other than seed |
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10.06 |
Rice |
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10.07 |
Grain sorghum |
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10.08 |
Other cereals |
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11.03 |
Groats and meal of wheat (other than durum semolina), of oats, of maize (corn), of rice and of other cereals. |
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11.04 |
Other worked grains (for example, hulled, pearled, sliced or kibbled) of barley, of oats, of maize (corn) and of other cereals. |
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16.01 |
Sausages and similar products, of meat, meat offal or blood; food preparations based on these products |
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16.02 |
Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal or blood |
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17.01 |
Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form |
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21.01 |
Extracts, essence and concentrates of coffee and preparations with a basis of these extracts, essences or concentrates or with a basis of coffee |
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23.02 |
Bran, sharps and other residues of maize (corn), whether or not in the form of pellets, derived from the sifting, milling or other working |
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23.06 |
Oil-cake and other solid residues of maize (corn), whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of fats or oils |
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23.09 |
Animal feeds |
Chapter 2 : Non-Tariff Measures
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|
Objective
APEC
Economies will achieve free and open trade in the Asia-Pacific Region by : (a) Progressively
reducing non-tariff measures (b) Ensuring the
transparency of APEC economies’ respective non-tariff measures |
|
Guidelines
Each APEC
economy will: (a)
take into
account, in the process of progressive reduction of non-tariff measures,
intra-APEC trade trends, economic interests and sectors or products related
to industries in which this process may have positive impact on trade and on
economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region; (b)
ensure that
the progressive reduction of non-tariff measures is not undermined by the
application of unjustifiable measures; and (c)
consider
extending, on a voluntary basis, to all APEC economies the benefits of
reductions and eliminations of non-tariff measures. |
Collective Actions
APEC
Economies have agreed to take collective actions to help achieve these
goals. These actions are contained in
Collective Action Plans (CAPs) which are updated annually. The current CAP relating to non-tariff
measures can be found in the Tariffs and
Non-Tariff Measures Collective Action Plan. |
|
The
Philippines' Approach to non-Tariff Measures in 2001
The Philippines continues to pursue its import liberalization program
which calls for the elimination of non-tariff measures other than those
necessary to: (a) safeguard public health, safety, security and welfare; and
(b) meet international treaty obligations related to the regulation of
certain products/commodities as well as medical, scientific and other
legitimate needs of the country. In addition, the Philippines maintains export licensing requirements
for certain products classified as: (a) “regulated” for reasons of national
interest and international agreements; and (b) “prohibited” for environmental
reasons or to conserve depletable raw materials. Regulated and prohibited export products require export
clearance from the appropriate government agencies. Exports classified as
prohibited may not be exported except for scientific and testing
purposes. To ensure the transparency of its non-tariff measures, the
Philippines, through the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), maintains a list
of regulated commodities which is circularized and made available to the
public. The Philippines fulfills
annual notification obligations to WTO bodies such as the Committee on Import
Licensing. |
none
The Philippines' Approach to Non-Tariff Measures in 2001 |
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Section
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Improvements Implemented Since Last
IAP |
Current Non-Tariff Measures Applied |
Further Improvements Planned |
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Quantitative Import Restrictions/ Prohibitions
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The Philippines maintains
quantitative import restrictions on rice as per flexibility provided under
Annex 5 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture.
See import licensing |
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Quantitative Export Restrictions/ Prohibitions |
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Discretionary Import Licensing |
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Import licensing is intended mainly
to safeguard public health, safety, security and welfare and to meet
international treaty obligations related to the regulation of certain
products as well as medical, scientific and other needs of the country. It is also used to administer the tariff
quotas (minimum access volumes (MAV)) for sensitive agricultural products the
quantitative restrictions of which were lifted and converted into tariff
equivalents, as part of the Philippines’ commitment under the WTO Agreement
on Agriculture. The
list of regulated/prohibited products the importation of which requires
clearance/permits from appropriate government agencies include: - Dangerous drugs and exempt
dangerous drug preparations - Precursors (various chemicals for
the manufacture of dangerous
drugs) - Diagnostic kits for drugs of abuse - Rice - Cyanide, cyanide compounds and
chlorofluorocarbons - Asbestos - Penicillin and its derivatives - Mercury and mercury compounds - Color reproduction machines - Various chemicals for the
manufacture of explosives - Firearms, ammunitions and parts - Pesticides, including agricultural
chemicals - Used motor vehicles, parts and
components - Used tires and tubes, used - Warships - Coins, banknotes and gold - Video machines - Used clothing - Toy guns - Radioactive materials Products
subject to tariff quotas include live animals (except live bovine animals),
pork, sheep or goat meat, poultry meat, potatoes, coffee, maize and sugar.The
contact points for further information are: The
Director Bureau
of International Trade Relations Department
of Trade and Industry 361
Sen. Gil J. Puyat Ave. Makati
City 1200 Philippines Tel:
(632) 890-4883 Fax:
(632) 890-4812 E-mail:
bitr@dti.gov.ph The
Executive Director MAV
Secretariat Department
of Agriculture Elliptical
Road, DilimanQuezon City, Philippines Tel:
(632) 920-1786 Fax:
(632) 920-1786 |
- review existing non-tariff measures; and - update NTM notifications, as may be necessary. |
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Discretionary Export Licensing |
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Export licensing is required for
certain products classified as: (a) “regulated” for reasons of national
interest and international agreements; and (b) “prohibited” for environmental
reasons or to conserve depletable raw materials. Regulated and prohibited export products require export
clearance from the appropriate government agencies. Exports classified as
prohibited may not be exported except for scientific and testing
purposes. The
list of regulated items include those required as a result of the existence
of quotas in other countries such as garments and textiles and sugar. Others
include: copper concentrates; all plants, planting materials and plant
products capable of harboring pests, insect specimens, live and dead;
animals, animal products and animal effects; coffee; antiques, cultural
artifacts and historical relics; logs, poles and piles and lumber. Prohibited
items include: abaca and ramie seeds, seedlings, suckers and root stocks;
buri seeds and seedlings, buri fibres; mangrove; Bangus fry; Mother Bangus;
prawn-spawner and fry; certain species of plant and animal wildlife and
shells; matured coconuts and coconut seedlings; stalactites and stalagmites;
and certain raw materials of cottage industries like bamboo, rattan and buri
fibres. See
voluntary export restraints The
contact point for further information is: The
Director Bureau
of International Trade Relations Department
of Trade and Industry 361
Senator Gil J. Puyat Avenue Makati
City 1200 Philippines Tel:
(632) 890-4883 Fax:
(632) 890-4812 E-mail:
bitr@dti.gov.ph |
- review existing non-tariff measures; and - update NTM notifications, as may be necessary. |
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The Philippines maintains bilateral
quotas on exports of textiles and garments to Canada, the European Union and
the United States. The Philippines is also a member of the International
Sugar Agreement and the International Coffee Agreement. It has quota covering
the export of sugar to the United States. See
export licensing The
contact points for further information are: The
Executive Director Garments
and Textile Export Board 357
Senator Gil J. Puyat Avenue Makati
City 1200 Philippines Tel:
(632) 890-4810 Fax:
(632) 890-4653 The
Administrator Sugar
Regulatory Administration North
Avenue, DilimanQuezon City Tel:
(632) 9204367 Fax:
(632) 920 4325 |
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Measures Maintained |
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Improvements in the Philippines' Approach to Non-Tariff Measures since 1996 |
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Section |
Position at Base Year (1996) |
Cumulative Improvements Implemented
to Date |
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Position |
In 1996, the Philippines was pursuing
an import liberalization program which called for the elimination of
non-tariff measures other than those maintained for reasons of health, safety
and national security reasons. The
Philippines’ remaining NTMs affecting imports were on rice and those
necessary for health, safety and national security reasons. |
Disinvoked GATT Article XVIII:B (restrictions
for balance of payments reasons), subject to a phased elimination of
restrictions until December 1997. |
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Quantitative Import Restrictions/ Prohibitions |
In 1996, the Philippines maintained
quantitative import restrictions on rice as per flexibility provided under
Annex 5 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. |
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Quantitative Export Restrictions/ Prohibitions |
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Discretionary Import Licensing |
No discretionary import licensing
requirements were maintained. |
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In 1996, the Philippines maintained
import licensing requirements to safeguard public health, safety, security
and welfare and to meet international treaty obligations. |
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Discretionary Export Licensing |
In 1996, the Philippines maintained
export licensing requirements for products classified as “regulated” for reasons of national
interest and international agreements and “prohibited” for environmental
reasons or to conserve depletable raw materials. |
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In 1996, the Philippines had
bilateral quotas on exports of textiles and garments to Canada, the European
Union and the United States. It was already a member of the International
Sugar Agreement and the International Coffee Agreement and maintained a quota
covering the export of sugar to the United States. |
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In 1996, the Philippines was using
the Home Consumption Value as the method of valuation for customs purposes. |
Shifted to transaction value as
method of valuation for customs purposes beginning 1 January 2000. |
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Measures Maintained |
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